Sunday, June 24, 2007

More on children

Joel Garver, a prof at LaSalle, has an insightful writeup over at his blog, Sacra Doctrina, on the state of children and violence in Philadelphia. Apropos our last conversation here, read his post if you get a chance. The information comes from the Report Card 2007: The Well-Being of Children and Youth in Philadelphia, "the city’s annual analysis of the overall condition of its youngest citizens." Despite the sad results, I agree with Joel's suggested plan of action: fasting, prayer, and service.

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Sunday, June 17, 2007

Father's Day

Happy Father's Day to all of you fathers and father/parent figures. God bless you and may your children recognize what a wonderful gift they have in you. May you experience God's peace and happiness through your children.

Throughout the week, I haphazardly meditated on the idea of parenthood quite a bit. Aside from my direct connection to Father's Day as a parent, I was privy to some really powerful experiences of parenting. Moreover, having recently read Balthasar's meditation on a mother's love and glance toward her child being the child's awakening to the world, to the very idea of a "thou", I had a helpful framework upon which to interpret my experiences.

The first instance occurred Wednesday night as I was biking home along South Street in Philly. I came upon a young mother and her child. The child, maybe one and a half, maybe a couple months older, was in the stroller. His mom, standing behind the stroller, was engaged on her cellphone in an argument, a cell-gument. I slowed, got off and walked my bike past the mom, up to the little boy.

"What's up, buddy?"

"......" (crying)

"How's it going? Are you having a good night."

(more crying)

"What's wrong?"

Tears streaming down his face, the boy reached toward me and said,

"da da...... DA DA!"

"uh, no, I'm not..."

I hopped on my bike, and headed for home. His confusion of me for his father was too weird, too difficult for me straighten out for him. I felt as if I had intruded, as if I had made things worse than they were already. Later that night, as I talked to my wife, I thought more about the situation. Of course, I wasn't intruding. I was trying to help the boy out while his mom was occupied. Indirectly, I was also trying to help the mom out. I didn't want to assume that she was intentionally neglecting her son.

But, the boy's confusion and need, the mom's indifference throughout my interaction with her son, the whole milieu highlights in a negative way Balthasar's description of the role of the parent in the process of a child's entrance into "this side of existence," to quote a friend in a recent email.

The second instance happened on Thursday night, on the Metro in DC. I was heading home to my wife and son in Arlington after another week in Philadelphia. As I stood in the crowded train, I saw a young father wearing his son, about the same age as the boy the night before, in a sling. The son gazed about the train, and the father cooed at him, talked to him, and caressed his face. Eventually, the boy expressed thirst, and the father let him out of the sling to give him space to hold the bottle. After a few minutes of drinking, the father began to play a game with the boy, acting like he was going to steal the bottle. The father continuously engaged and interacted with his son in loving playful ways. For some reason, maybe because I'm a new father, maybe because of the event the night before, this sight was powerful in its effect on me.

The last experience I'll share here was much like the first in that it included a young mother and a young child, probably about two years old. I was on the Metro Saturday afternoon, riding back to Arlington when the mom and child got on the train. She took a seat, positioning the stroller in front of her, the child facing away from her. The kid became agitated and began crying. She made a rather weak gesture to give the child his bottle, but he didn't see her do it and continued to cry. Her flat affect seemed to indicate that at best she had resign herself to his crying, and at worst she didn't notice it at all.

These three instances, in addition to my own joyous Father's day weekend with CHW McClain (a.k.a Chewy), provided some fertile ground for a deeper reflection on this topic and Balthasar's own writing on it. I won't presume to understand this whole concept, but (hopefully) my meager reflections will urge some of you more literate in this area of philosophy to take the next step. In any case, for Balthasar, truth alone cannot capture the miracle of individual being, of why there are "some" instead of "none". Rather, Love precedes all others in the ground of being, individual and general. Being can give existence, but can neither explain it's own "existence" nor can it generate essence. Balthasar's hypothetical engagement between mother and child demonstrates a child's coming into awareness of its existence because of its mother's loving and welcoming glance. The child's whole interpretive schema is therefore predicated on the mother's initial and continued welcome of her child, the other. From this welcome, the child understands not only its relationship with its mother, not only its relationship to the world, but also its relationship to existence as a gift, as a welcoming. The child understands both that its mother is a Thou AND that it is a Thou to the mother. As such, the child's foundational experience of being, its ontological grounding is one of Gift and Welcome. It's a beautiful description of the power, efficacy, and place of Love in the world, and it has had quite and impact on my own reflections of parenthood, both my own parenting, and parenting I witness.

Yet, of my three examples above, only one seems to gel with Balthasar's understanding. Not to say that Balthasar didn't comprehend the existence of parenting that lacked both in luster and substance. Rather, his explication serves as much as an ideal as it does as an endorsement of a kind of parenting, a rather non-Spartan kind - is Balthasar an early proponent of "attachment Parenting"?

Nevertheless, what does one do with the other two instances, of detached, unaffected parents who seemingly don't care or don't understand their children's need to be welcomed, coaxed into existence and what are the ramifications of this apparent lacuna in these boys' lives? One can only guess. But from Balthasar's writing, I surmise that there is a component in their understanding of their place - I mean this in a thick sense - in existence in the world, and as future hosts of existents. I guess the obvious conclusion, or at least obvious to me as an urban dweller and an urban teacher, is that children who lack welcome, who lack the early formation of a concept of the Thou-as-gift (because of their own being-as-gift), will also lack the ability to welcome others, be they children, their own and others'. They may even lack the ability to show welcome to their high school teachers. Instead of conceiving the other as gift, the other is intruder, usurper, or at the very least unwelcome. The gunshot victim wasn't someone else's child who was a cherished addition to God's gift of existence, but rather a .... well, that would be speculation to great even for me.

I have a friend who in recent weeks has lived out this conviction in his own life. I have been blessed immensely by his example. Thanks be to God for children.

pax et bonum

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Wednesday, June 13, 2007

Seven Samurai: Do I see a self-sacrificial act on the horizon?


I'm halfway through Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, so let me begin by saying that if you respond to this post, please don't blow the ending for me before I can watch it.

I put Kurosawa off for years. Don't ask me why. I love nearly everything on the Criterion Collection, so much, in fact, that I have been plotting for about three years now to own the whole collection someday. When Borders has its teachers weekend, it's all Kate can do to keep me from buying whatever Criterion films borders happens to accidentally still have, like the original Solaris, wedged neatly between Snakes on a Plane and Spartacus, or more Ingmar Bergman. And while it's not a Criterion film, I'm probably the only person who owns the Decalogue who is still tempted to buy it every time I see it in all of its boxed-set glory.

Anyway, I'm finally watching Seven Samurai, and I completely see why it's a pillar of film. It's so witty, and the camera angles are great, and the music is awesome. Super subtle fight scenes amidst almost-clownlike acting.

One of the characters, Kikuchiyo, played by Kurosawa's main-man Toshiro Mifune, is introduced in the first hour as a total loser, who also has a tendency to seem a bit of an ass-hole, though he could be totally crazy. But you can see it coming, if you look hard enough. This guy is going to pull of a total Aragorn. Just as many of the humans thought Aragorn, also Strider, was just a "lowly" ranger, so too Kikuchiyo is dismissed as a clown, a wannabe samurai. I'm predicting now that he's either something along the lines of the long lost king of the samurai, or the savior of the village of the farmers. But, I don't really know anything about film, so my doozy of a prediction is probably way off.

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Monday, June 11, 2007

Love Alone Recap

The presentation on Love Alone went well, despite several factors of my own making. I did record the presentation, although I think I sound really stupid, say "um, uh, ok" and alot of other dumb things. But if there's enough demand, I could be persuaded to post it, or email, or something with it. So, to recap, I gave a bit (about 15 minutes) of bio first, and then worked my way into the text (see Friday's post for my introduction to the text). Balthasar's critique of the cosmological method went over like herbal tea, which I found surprising as that's the one thing I think he dismisses too quickly; I'm holding out for a place for cosmology (I guess that makes sense as I hope to be deeply immersed in Balthasar's doct. of creation by this time next year). The group, as much comprised of by parishioners as university faculty, found Balthasar's treatment of such themes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and modern biblical criticism highly contestable. As I said in Friday's post, I feared as much; how does one compress a book which was already the author's compression of his own work - 7 volumes at that - much less the philosophical and theological background one needs to comprehend Balthasar on even an elementary level. Moreover, writing in 1963, vB was writing from a specific perspective, addressing a set of specific problems arising from the split with Rahner. I imagine his motivation came not only from a pure intellectual interest, but also a desire contribute to the greater movement surrounding Vatican II, seeing as how he wasn't invited to attend by his Swiss bishops. Some of the concerns raised about the critique of the Anthropological method - its gross gloss and homogenization of Reformed, Renaissance authors, and modern biblical crit - can be explained by looking to the relevant Herrlichkeit volumes for Balthasar's engagement with the primary texts. But even then, as I mentioned to a friend last night, Balthasar writing in the sixties, didn't have some of the tools we do today, with Kuhn writing The Structure of Scientific Revolutions only a year earlier. Moreover, his area of work kept him pretty firmly ensconced in either confessional theology (e.g. his attempts to dialog with Barth) or germanic literature, although he does bridge out to French literature. I don't have the breadth of knowledge to make Balthasar able to stand up under the scrutiny of modern philosophy of science or post-structuralist concerns.

That said, I still agree with him (and Hans Frei) that theology in the wake of Kant and under the Germany academy (Schliermacher>Bultmann) did kowtow to a kind of hegemony of Reason, a turn to anthropology. His explanation of how cosmology lost footing, how anthropology under a guise of natural religion stripped Christianity of more and more of its qualities until it was loosing not only quality but also substance (God's love and doxa), makes a lot of sense to me and I think it jives with a lot of what's being said today by the likes of Frei, Hutter, and my old advisor, Dan Treier. I remember the first time I heard a form of this argument was in Dan Treier's modern theology class shortly after he had read Hans Frei's Eclipse of Biblical Narrative and Types of Christian Theology.

But, back to the class, my sincerest hope is that many of the atendees came away not necessarily with a comprehensive understanding of the work, but rather two things: 1. that they see where Balthasar was coming from, both historically and theologically, as I agree with Rowan Williams that he provides a great set of resources for Anglican theology; and 2. that they understand his lament over theologies loss of doxa, of a sense of God's loving self-revelation as not only an instance, or the instance, of truth, but also and primarily as something inexhaustibly and transcendentally beautiful. "If the absolute were not love (and the doctrine of the trinity is the doctrine to assert this), then it would be a logos that either stops short before love (adventist), or in modern (and titanic) fashion over-runs it and 'digests' it--which can only be done by falling back into the sphere of 'understanding'--and implies an attetat against the (Holy) Spirit. (LA, 72)

I'll try to sneak more posts in about Love Alone as I have time this week.

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Friday, June 8, 2007

Love Alone: the marriage of Theology and Aesthetics

Sunday I'll be walking the parishoners of St. Marks' through some rudimentary tidbits of Balthasar's scheme, such as the analogia entis and his book Love Alone as a bitesized version of his Herrlichkeit, The Glory of the Lord. I photocopied a couple pages and the conclusion today in preparation for the class. As I did so, I was struck, as so often before, by the sheer volume of Balthasar's corpus, and briefly by the futility in presenting Balthasar's project in 45 minutes. But what I like in time and comprehensiveness, I believe I'll make up in ambition and excitement.

Love Alone itself is nicely structured and lends itself to a quick presentation; although, maybe not 45 minutes-quick... The layout is simple:
I. What is the core, essential aspect of Christianity? "What is specifically Christian about Christianity?"
A. Not its cosmology
B. Not its anthropology
C. Rather, "God's message is theological, or better theo-pragmatic. It is an act of God on man; an act done for and on behalf of man--and only then to man, and in him. It is of this act that we must say: it is credible only as love--and here we mean God's own love, the manifestation of which is the manifestation of the glory of God." (7-8) And so, Balthasar here inextricably links soteriology and aesthetics via Revelation.

...just as in love I encounter the other as the other in all his freedom, and am confronted by something which I cannot dominate in any sense, so in the aesthetic sphere, it is impossible to attribute the form which presents itself to a fiction of my imagination. In both cases the 'understanding' of that which reveals itself cannot be subsumed under categories of knowledge which imply control. Neither love in the freedom of its gratuitousness, nor beauty; since it is disinterested, are 'products'--least of all of some person's need. To reduce love to the level of a 'need' would be cynicism and egoism; only when the pure gratuity of love has been recognized can one speak of it in terms of fulfillment. To dissolve the magic of beauty into some 'truth' that lies behind or beyond the appearance, is to banish beauty altogether and simply shows that its specific quality has never been felt. (45)

...even in nature eros is the chosen place of beauty. The object we love--no matter how deeply or superficially--always appears wonderful and glorious to us; and objective glory attracts the beholder only by being some sort of eros--which can be appreciated deeply or only superficially. The two related poles were surpassed in Revelation where the divine Logos descended to manifest and interpret himself as love, as agape, and therein as the Glory.

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Tuesday, June 5, 2007

The Supernatural in Film


The Chicago Reader Film Blog has a cool post about the use of the supernatural and cosmic in the latest Pirates of the Caribbean. The post asserts that while some of the imagery is borrowed from the french director Eric Rohmer, especially the green flash symbolizing the transference of a person from this world to the other, the film ultimately fails to plumb the depths of the supernatural to which it sets out. I agree. On a purely symbolic level (we won't even discuss the quality of the film), many images are introduced, but, like many of my high school students' essay, the movie fails to seal the deal. The introduction is given, a lot of irrelevant details are used (presumably) as supporting evidence, and the conclusion predictably is a happy one although divorced from the deep, spiritual elements. One feels as though one has been shot by Dick Cheney's shotgun, left with nothing else to do but apologize for being there in the first place.
Which brings me to the movie I really wanted to talk about today: The Fountain, directed by Darren Aronofsky (Pi, Requiem for a Dream). If you want to get really fucked up tonight, go out and rent this gem. Aronofsky, unlike Verbinski, seems to recognize that what matters more in the fantasy genre is drawing the audience in with the question of the supernatural, not the assumed, unexplored premise of the supernatural. "We've seen it all. It's not really interesting to audiences anymore. The interesting things are the ideas; the search for God, the search for meaning." This is where Pirates fails, not so much because it lacked the "ideas", but because it seemed to be unaware (inasmuch as a movie can be unaware or aware) that it even had the ideas.... maybe that's a little harsh.
The Fountain, on the other hand, is bursting with the ideas and the questions. The imagery is overflowing, yet understated. Rather than throwing many different images on the screen, they return to the same imagery throughout the film, exploring new aspects, letting the chaos settle as the story nears its conclusion. I really appreciated the way the question of the supernatural didn't fight death, but embraced it, unlike Pirates where in the end the main character managed to evade death for the moment. Whereas Pirates of the Caribbean advocates and uneasy truce with death, the Fountain's main character takes a 100 year voyage to finally be at peace with his and his wife's death, the end of the book.
I'm watching The Fountain with an 11th grade AP English class tomorrow morning. I'm afraid it may be a bit heavy for them, but they'll at least get exposure to religious imagery in film. So, I'll let you all know how it goes.

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Monday, June 4, 2007

As usual, Business

Last week, I posted a photo of Johnny Depp, from his role as Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean III. As a result of my inclusion of that photo and the current interest in the movie among the masses, TLOU has received a crazy number of hits this week. So, if you're new to this blog, and even if you're just here for the photo of Johnny, welcome. Hopefully you'll stay for the content, which I'll admit is not usually along mass-media lines.
AD and I are in the midst of a unit on Theology and Art in the adult education at St. Mark's. Yesterday, AD presented Auden's Ars Poetica, The Sea and the Mirror, a continuation of sorts of the Tempest in poem form. AD had originally hoped to record it and post it here, as our first podcast. Unfortunately, that didn't work out, but I think he plans to share an outline and/or some of the more salient points of the discussion - maybe he'll even share one of his Auden songs with us, so there may yet be a podcast!

I'm up next Sunday with a discussion of Balthasar's opus proposal, which I was delighted (and somewhat chagrined after reading a heft chunk of the Herrlichkeitto find nicely summed up in Love Alone. Per Caritatem has hosted a cool series on Love Alone, so please visit her. I'm really interested in Balthasar's turn to the irrational via the concept of Love to explain the core of Christianity and delineate the task of the theologian. So, I hope to share some of that with you all over the next few days (as I come up with it).

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